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Week 10

1. Paraphrase: 

    A paraphrase typically explains or clarifies the text that is being paraphrased. For example, "The signal was red" might be paraphrased as "The train was not allowed to pass because the signal was red". A paraphrase is usually introduced with verbum dicendi​—​a declaratory expression to signal the transition to the paraphrase. For example, in "The signal was red, that is, the train was not allowed to proceed," the that is signals the paraphrase that follows.

2. Hyperbole:

     Hyperbole is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device orfigure of speech. It is used in poems to create emphasis on a situation. It may be used to evoke strong feelings or to create a strong impression, but is not meant to be taken literally.

3. Irony: 

     Irony in its broadest sense, is a rhetorical device, literary technique, or event in which what appears, on the surface, to be the case, differs radically from what is actually the case. Irony may be divided into categories such as:verbal, dramatic, and situational.

4. Sarcasm:

    Sarcasm is "a sharp, bitter, or cutting expression or remark; a bitter gibe or taunt."Sarcasm may employ ambivalence,although sarcasm is not necessarily ironic."The distinctive quality of sarcasm is present in the spoken word and manifested chiefly by vocal inflections".The sarcastic content of a statement will be dependent upon the context in which it appears.

5. Pun: 

     The pun, also called paronomasia, is a form of word play that suggests two or more meanings, by exploiting multiple meanings of words, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect.

6. Rationale: 

•      An explanation of the basis or fundamental reasons for something.
•     Rationale (clothing), a liturgical vestment worn by clergy, in particular by Roman Catholic Church bishops.
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• op-對手

  opposite(adj.): situated, placed, or lying face to face with something else or eachother, or in corresponding positions with relation to an intervening line,space, or thing.

  opponent (n.): a person who is on an opposing side in a game, contest, controversy,or the like; adversary.

  para-平行

  parallel parking 路邊停車

  paragraph(n.): a distinct portion of written or printed matter dealing with a particularidea, usually beginning with an indentation on a new line.